Typicity vs. individuality: measured against what?

The standard

A named reference norm sets what is measured against: a grape variety, an appellation or a stylistic expectation. Without it, neither typicity nor individuality can be determined.

Criteria

• Typicity presupposes a named expectation against which comparison is made
• Individuality is deviation within that expectation, not outside it
• Both judgements depend on the chosen frame of reference
• A wine can be typical and individual at the same time

Distinction

Typicity ≠ individuality: the one measures closeness to the expected picture, the other the distinguishable character within it. Individuality ≠ faultiness: a deviation becomes a defect only when it lies outside the named reference norm, not merely because it stands out.